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Buggies or umbrella pushchairs are the first choice of urban parents. The main advantages this type of pushchair offers over its competitors are lightness and compactness.

The best feature about buggies is that they can be folded and collapsed to the size of folded umbrellas. Some of the bigger brands like Bugaboo even provide a carry-case, while others are designed for easy storage.

The important thing about buggies is that though they are compact and designed for easy storage, they do not compromise on the baby’s comfort and safety, or on durability and practicality. The frame is usually made of aluminium, with superb suspension systems. Large wheels, which can swing at 360 degrees, are usually provided to ensure easy manoeuvrability of the buggy through crowded urban areas like shopping malls.

New advancements in design even allow a parent to take the baby along in the buggy while going out for a jog in the park or strolling through the aisles of supermarket stores. Their designs are such that they can be used on different terrains in urban areas without any risk of waking the baby.

The advantages of buggies for parents are primarily that the handlebars and other components can be changed to suit their personal preferences. This helps to avoid the nagging back, neck, and shoulder pains that are caused when the height of the handlebars are not adjustable or suited for the concerned parent. Their fabric is usually removable and washable, and this helps retain their hygiene. A number of designs, styles and colours can be found in the market for pushchairs buggies and you will always get one suite for your needs.

Graduation Hats

Graduation hats are the hair dress items that the graduates wear on their graduation ceremony day. They are made of square horizontal board hence they are fixed on the skull cap. The hats have their tassels or the liripipe fixed at the center. They are also referred to as cap, square or motor board. The graduation hats are black in color together with their tassels and their top should be flat. However, the tassels can be of a different color like gold. This is particularly if they are for the executives for instance the chancellors or the principals. All the hats have an elastic portion for the addition of grip as well as comfort.
There are some graduation hats that are handmade and this is to measure the hard skull mortal and the soft skull hats. Bonnets are the standard traditional hats that have tassels with different colors to meet the requirements of different institutions. The tassels are supposed to be hanged on the side. However, this differs depending on the level of study. The undergraduates do not wear on the same side with the graduates. For the graduates they prefer hanging their tassels on the left while the undergraduates hangs their tassels on the left side. There are some other graduation ceremonies where the student wears their tassels one side up and these only changes when they go for the reception.

GraduationSource, a leader in graduation regalia products since 1960.

Average statistical mother thinks that her baby differ from other children only with the quantity of little wrinkles of his wrists, habit not to sleep at night and scream deafeningly in day. Children, who sleep like tops and do not yell, only squeal quietly sometimes, become the object of general jealous envy. However, it is not always good when a baby sleeps a lot, and it is not always bad when he screams boldly.
Dear parents, remember: during the first year of life, a base of character and destiny of a future adult person are forming. So, it is very important to observe your baby’s development.

Notice!

There is a whole section of psychology and a considerable area of psychoanalysis, which are devoted exceptionally to peculiarities of infantile age. Experts advise to pay attention to the following moments in your baby’s behavior.

1. The way he cries
Weeping is a universal method to inform about baby’s needs, express his feelings, gain a desired goal and… ventilate his respiratory tract. A strength of crying depends on a baby’s character, his psychic state and physical development. The bigger a baby’s volume of lungs is, the louder his cry is. Prematurely born babies, for example, do not cry at all, just squeak quietly, like kittens.

2. The way he sleeps
Pay attention at your baby’s duration of sleep, the way he falls asleep and behaves while awaking. During day and night sleep, children gain strength and grow. During sleep, neurons of long-term memory fix all day impressions and process received information. Duration and character of sleep show a baby’s temperament.

1. Strong and well-balanced sanguine persons sleep little and well.

2. Strong, irrepressible choleric subjects sleep little and bad.
3. Calm and sluggish phlegmatic persons sleep much and well.
4. Sensitive and delicate children with a weak type of nervous system sleep much and uneasily.

3. What or who he prefers to look at
This can be some animate object: mother, father, some strange person; or inanimate object: magazine cover, toy, play of light and shadow on a wall. TV set, showing some movie, is an equivalent of a human being.
Sociable or very emotional children prefer to look at people. Secluded from birth ones fix their look at some objects and nature.

4. What he likes to play with
The one who likes toys usually thinks in a more standard way, than the one who is reaching for forbidden spectacles or mobile phone.

Typology of babies
“Leader”
He cries emphatically and loudly. He falls silent as soon as he receives the desired. He always strives for his goal: if he is hungry, you will not be able to distract him with a rattle, and if he wants to be taken in hands, he will be shouting till he is taken in hands. He falls asleep late, sleeps well, but little. He has an in-born talent to train his parents: as soon as he receives the desired, he becomes sweet like an angel, blinks sweetly, and mother with father are just ready to do everything to see this mildest expression on their baby’s chubby little face. A future leader begins smiling early and fixes his sight not on some objects, but on his relatives, on which his well-being depends. He likes company, but hates being holding for a long.

What he needs
He needs a careful and firm attitude. On no account break his individuality. Parents should encourage a baby’s good behavior, but not letting him push himself around or letting him tearing a book to pieces or throwing a toy away.

And who he will become then
Purposeful, decisive, persistent and active.

If everything goes wrong way
Strict and severe parents, suppressing independence of a future leader, will form a lonely wolf-cub or a broken and passive unlucky person. Too tender and permitting everything parents will receive a high-quality home tyrant.

“A closed book”
He is quiet and comfortable in exploitation. He seldom cries, only in case of real physical need of hunger, thirst or pains in stomach. He is sleeping almost always. Sleep for him is often an equivalent of heart-rending crying: not receiving the desired, he gets away from, hoping that while he is sleeping, the situation will change. After awaking, he is lying quietly for a long, he is interested in himself. He does not require from parents to stay with him all the time. Since birth, a world of objects attracts him more, than a world of people. He can smile to a bright vase or a swinging branch, looking through the window. He treats all people with equal indifference, is not afraid of anybody, sits like a sack of flour in all adults’ hands, obedient and inert. He early chooses one person from his people, as his emotional canal of connection with the world, and often this person is not his mother.

What he needs
You should treat him respectfully, not intruding into his inner world with kisses and loud games. A mother should observe his peace, a father should explain things to him and protect him. It is good to introduce him many different people for communication, so that he could choose a friend to his liking. Mother should not be jealous of him because of a nanny or granny. He loves mother more, but feels easier with someone else.

And who he will become then
Original and deep thinker, engineer or mathematician, chemist or programmer. While having troubles, he will always shrink into his shell.

If everything goes wrong way
An importunate mother-sitting hen, taking care of his each step, will turn him into a secluded paranoiac. An indifferent one will grow a dullish loser or misanthrope of him. A strict and “birching” mother will receive a cruel egoist, not able to compassionate others’ distress. A callous and emotionless one will grow a queer fish.

“Fragile like glass”
He often cries, calms down slowly, hiccups, sighs and whimpers. Sleeps long, but always bad, awakes routinely and requires being hold and lulled. He cannot stay alone even for a moment, he is glad to company. Physical closeness to mother and father calms him down. Sometimes he cannot bear bright light, loud sounds, what shows his especially delicate nervous system. He carefully selects his people, some he may ask to hold him, others he can push away. What is interesting, very often it turns out that he does not like people who conceal some hostile intentions towards his relatives.

What he needs
He requires double care, than other children. Adults always should respond to his crying. It is impossible to spoil or pet him: the more warmth he receives from people, the more stable and strong-willed he will become in future.

And who he will become then
A boy will turn into a dream of all women - a strong and tender man. A girl will charm everybody with her amenable, kind and stable character.

If everything goes wrong way
If you start showing tenacity, thinking that a baby will cry and stop, you will grow a nervous, always offended and malicious adult person. If you start scolding and punishing a child, you will form a shy and passive person of him. And you will have to patronize him during his whole life.

“A creative personality”
He hates sleeping, as sleep stops his activity on learning and creative transformation of the world. He does not cry, groan or coo after awakening, in order to attract adults’ attention and make them come. He smiles to parents gladly, likes different odd objects more than plain toys. He begins to take to pieces objects surrounding him earlier, than he starts talking. He prefers communication at distance: tale, singing or presence near him to physical caress. He calms down because of words, not touches. He laughs and gesticulates to attract other people’s attention to some object to his liking. By the age of 1, he starts showing monstrous obstinacy - give or show this to him.

What he needs
You need to talk and explain everything to him, not thinking whether he understands a lot.

And who he will become then
Gifted, curious, life-loving, quick-tempered and passionate.

If everything goes wrong way
If you suppress sharply his attempts to reach and learn, try to slap, then depressed inquisitiveness will turn into aggressiveness. By school age, a child will turn into an uncontrollable hooligan with poor progress.

“Delicate like mimosa”
He cries with a thin, whining voice and falls silent quickly. Such baby has no powers to have his will, shout until he is heard, and, after 10 minutes of groaning, he disappears in nonentity because of hopeless despair and sleeps round the clock, as if he is under anaesthetic, while his mother is boasting of her wonderful quiet child to her friends. He begins smiling late, freezes in mother’s or father’s hugs in perfect bliss, and often his parents take him for a “closed book” and leave him alone. However, a “delicate” baby is not interested in objects, nature and his own ideas of world. Instead of playing with a rattle or pyramid, he examines his hands, reaches for a mirror and TV set. He needs people. He is shy and does not have persevering seduction of a “leader” or hysterical obstinacy of a creative personality, does not shrink into his shell till better times, like a “closed book” does, and does not win over adults displaying them boisterous love, like a “fragile” baby does. He is more helpless, than other children, incredibly sensitive, shy; he suffers and stops in development without adults’ attention.

What he needs
He needs a lot of external manifestation of love, touches, constant presence in his field of vision. A mother should think well about who will stay with a baby, if she decides to go back working.

And who he will become then
They can become extremely talented musicians, designers, teachers, brave defenders of all weak and miserable.

If everything goes wrong way
Even loving parents, but not realizing the whole degree of delicacy of a child’s nature, can suppress a baby’s talents and contribute to his change into sickly hypochondriac or a clumsy with zero self-appraisal.

Your baby is afraid of nobody and agrees to go to all strange people’s hands
The first variant, age one: probably, your baby is still too little. Children start reacting to their and strange people since 6-8 months.
The second variant: a baby is so used to bathe in kindness and attention of other people, that he loves everybody. However, he loves more his people all the same, and, being in strange people’s hands, he fidgets and searches for parents.
The third variant, sad one: he has so little love and attention of adults that he is ready to reach for everyone who will smile to him. A baby does not distinguish his people from strange ones. This is a state, typical for babies from boarding school.

The way to understand that a baby feels stress, not just plays up
1. He is crying all the time, round the clock.
2. His character of sleep has changed suddenly, he sleeps either less, or much more, or worse now.
3. He stops doing what he could, does not smile anymore, does not want to hold head, sit or seize rattle, play hide-and-seek or stand on feet.
4. He does not smile and laugh.

5. He refuses eating.
6. Disposition appears on his body.

If your baby has although one of these suspicious symptoms, show him to podiatrist.

Yana Mikheeva is the creator of the WomansPassions site for women and about women at http://www.womanspassions.com, it is an on-line resource for women and about women. Here you can find articles on various subjects, such as: diets, receipts, health, cellulite, figure, aromatherapy, wholesome food, psychology of relationships, pregnancy, parenting, fashion and many others.
She also has a blog for women at http://www.womanspassions.com/blog/.

When my youngest was born, nearly forty years ago, I would rock him while nursing him, his three-year-old sister and fifteen-month-old brother in their child-sized rocking chairs. As we rocked, I read stories to the children and sang songs, which I had done from the time my daughter was born. We had a time together three to four times a day when the children listened to the stories and songs, soon learning to sing themselves. Of course, I operated on instinct only, and my children didn’t realize that reading and singing wasn’t a common occurrence in every home, until they were in school and visited friends’ homes and came home shocked. I had been raised by a mother who also read and sang to her children. Neither of us read anywhere that we should; we just did. Now, “modern” theory, concerning the way infants learn and respond promotes reading and singing to babies in order to boost development of thinking, language, and early reading skills.

According to “Reading to Baby,” children don’t read for two basic reasons: “too much TV and a culture than doesn’t value books.” Parents and other adults in a child’s life can help change this tendency by making reading a part of their lives and reading to their children, setting an example that will encourage children to be lifelong readers.

Reasons for reading to babies and children include parents having fun with their children, as I did with mine, as well as helping youngsters relax and go from bundles of energy to a child ready for naps or bedtime. However reading does much more: It helps develop thinking and language skills, which go hand in hand. Even if infants don’t know the meaning of the words they hear, the sounds help their brains learn critical language skills.

Doctors at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, state that there’s only one true method to help infants speak and understand language, and that is to read to them. “While infants don’t know the meaning of many words, hearing the sounds helps their brains develop critical language skills. It enhances a child’s pronunciation of words, expands vocabulary and begins programming the brain for more advanced speech and reading.”

Adding singing to the mixture creates even more verbal stimulation to help children develop thinking and language skills later. A panel of experts during a White House symposium stated that parents should sing and talk to even the youngest infants.

Penny Warner, from Parenting Resources of Evenflo says, “Singing to baby is one of the best ways to encourage his ability to vocalize in syllables.”

Therefore, even before “experts” agreed, by reading and singing to my children I showed them that I valued books, helped them develop a love of reading and music; and most of all, their development of thinking and language skills were boosted - not bad for doing something I liked to do.

Sources:
1. verybestbaby.com
2. medicalnewstoday.com
3. “Talking, Sing to Baby is Vital to Brain Development, The Star Tribune, April 18, 1997
4. about.com

Vivian Gilbert Zabel, an author on http://www.Writing.Com/ and with a portfolio http://www.Writing.Com/authors/vzabel, has books, Hidden Lies and Other Stories and Walking the Earth, through Barnes and Noble or Amazon.com. This article has been submitted in affiliation with http://www.BabyNameVote.Com/ which is a site for Baby Names.

Strattera came out around January of 2003, and is becoming more and more popular as a treatment for ADHD. Strattera is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that came on the market in 2003. It is becoming more and more popular as a treatment for ADHD and is available nationally. Strattera is a type of ADHD treatment that works differently from the other ADHD medications available.

Strattera works by selectively blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine by certain nerve cells in the brain. This increases the availability of norepinephrine, which is thought to be essential in regulating impulse control, organization and attention.

In clinical trials, some patients discontinued their stimulant medications within one or two days of beginning Strattera. But our reports are that ADHD kids who had been treated successfully with stimulants do not seem to respond as well to the Strattera as those ADHD kids who had never been treated with stimulants. This is probably true, as we have seen this happen with children and teens being treated with ATTEND. We think this is because even small doses of stimulants can be so effective that they “spoil” both the kids and the parents, and they want to keep taking at least a tiny dose of stimulant along with either their ATTEND or Strattera. Learn more information on Ritalin, and ATTEND at the ADHD Information Library.

Please take Strattera exactly as directed by your doctor. Strattera offers flexible dosing, once or twice daily. Discuss a convenient schedule for taking Strattera with your doctor.

Do not take Strattera with any other medications, even over-the-counter medications! You must talk with your doctor first! Talk to the Pharmacist too! Our reports indicate that there may be serious problems taking anti-depressants with Strattera. In fact, our reports indicate that there can be serious problems taking even Benedryl with Strattera. But our reports indicate that small doses of stimulants may be OK with Strattera, and may even enhance treatment.

Strattera may be taken with or without food. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible, but do not take more than your total daily dose in any 24-hour period. If possible, take Strattera at the same time every day to keep on schedule. Strattera capsules should never be broken and sprinkled on food. They must be taken whole.

Our reports indicate that it takes 4 to 6 weeks for Strattera to work well (to reach therapeutic levels). We believe that Lilly will experience the same problems that VAXA has in getting people to stick with ATTEND, which also takes 4 to 6 weeks to work well. The problem is that parents usually only give an intervention 2 weeks to work, and move on to something else if they haven’t already seen the results they expect.

Stimulants, when prescribed with the correct dose, work in about 20 minutes, so parents tend to go back to using them, even with their harsher side-effects. After all, the parents don’t experience the unpleasant side-effects — their kids do. But the parents do enjoy the benefits of the medication around the home.

Our reports also indicate that Strattera, like Attend, has fewer “ups and downs” than stimulants. There can be some stomach problems, but there is less of a “rebound” effect. By the way, for reducing the “rebound” effect of stimulants, try drinking a Mountain Dew at the 3 hour mark (for Ritalin). This seems to help a great deal to eliminate the “crashing” off a dose of Ritalin, and make a smooth landing.

In one of the Strattera studies the researchers reported that adverse events did occur in some patients, including rhinitis (33.3%), headache (20%), anorexia (16.7%), and dizziness (16.7%). No serious side effects were observed and no patients stopped medication or discontinued the study due to adverse events.

There have been reports of prostate problems in men with ADHD from various sources, so men should be careful.

In each of six clinical trials, Strattera was better than placebo in reducing the symptoms of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. The positive effects of Strattera were seen for overall ADHD symptoms including hyperactive /impulsive symptoms and inattentive symptoms. But we are not convinced that this statement is very powerful. Even coffee is better than placebo. Would you take a medication that was not better than placebo? ATTEND, which is a nutritional product, makes statistically significant improvements on the computerized TOVA CPT test in 70% of subjects, and 80% improve on Parent Rating Scales; Ritalin makes statistically significant improvements on the computerized TOVA CPT test in 80% of subjects. Is Strattera better than these?

So far, parents love the fact that this is not a triplicate prescription. Doctors love this too. Ritalin is a hassle to prescribe, and a hassle to get from the pharmacy. However, the bottom line needs to be seen in the real world. Does Strattera work better than Attend? Does Strattera work better than stimulants? Will there be any long-term side-effects? How long will families pay $200 a month before they switch to another treatment option?

You can learn more about Strattera at the ADHD Information Library.

Douglas Cowan, Psy.D., is a family therapist who has been working with ADHD children and their families since 1986. He is the clinical director of the ADHD Information Library’s family of seven web sites, including http://www.newideas.net, helping over 350,000 parents and teachers learn more about ADHD each year. Dr. Cowan also serves on the Medical Advisory Board of VAXA International of Tampa, FL., is President of the Board of Directors for KAXL 88.3 FM in central California, and is President of NewIdeas.net Incorporated.

How many times have we sat down after a shopping spree and forgotten what it was we went for in the first place. This is why a checklist is vital when planning your baby shower party. Celebrations like this need ample supplies of goodies in quantities depending on the size of your guest list.

Invite cards are crucial elements and are one of the first items to be listed when piecing together a baby shower checklist. If you have a theme for the party then add this to the invitation this gives your guest a good idea on what the celebration is all about and will also help them with their gift picking. A month before the baby shower is a perfect time to send out the cards. RSVP all print outs.
If cost is an issue then go online and select the invites from there.
Online shopping for invitations offer a great range so selecting the right one will not be a problem. Why not kill two birds with one stone and have your thank you cards printed out at the same time. Remember it is the card of thanks that brings the celebration of the baby shower to an end. You could even try making your own

Be sure to add to your checklist - games and activities. Fun and laughter for all who participate is how you want the atmosphere to be and why not, this is a happy and joyous event. Award the winners of each game with prizes.

Run through the list of items on your checklist to see if you have the party venue listed in your notes. Decorate the party place accordingly to the theme. If the baby shower is a layette bash then a clothes line draped with baby wear of coloured paper cut-outs and other bits and bobs make a great display. This is your baby shower so you get to decide on what to hang - just make sure it is not yourself.

Let us not forget the buffet bar serving food and drinks. If you can account for all the guests attending then this will give you insight on how much food and drink to order for the baby shower party. Always up on supplies - because you always have one guest whose eyes are bigger than their belly.
Jot down what edibles and drinks you intend to lay out on the feast table. Before going ahead and ordering your nibbles think about the preparation behind any food dishes you have planned to serve, the reason is it may take up to much of your time to cook or even worse to much time cleaning up after..

A thank you token given to all guests who attended the baby shower is very traditional. Baby shower souvenirs need not be expensive, bulk buy to save money
Make the checklist one of the essential things you have to do before planning for the baby party; it makes sense to have all your ideas for your celebration drawn up on a list so that nothing is forgotten. Just remember not to forget the checklist of baby shower supplies when you go shopping

Always check the checklist to make sure you checked it

A fabulous site for all baby shower essentials http://www.little-babyonline.com Babies need nurturing from an early age in learning for themselves. Proven results for all ages at http://www.allaboutonlineeducation.com

When you choose a baby bedding, choose the one which can guarantee optimum baby bedding safety and coziness to your baby. The best fabric for the baby would be 100 percent cotton. Below are descriptions of the different types of nursery bedding for each type of furniture.

Crib Bedding:
Until the baby is one or one and a half years old, the crib is its ideal bed. Cribs are of many different types, but they all need to be strong and durable. You could choose a standard crib, or go for a more expensive one such as a convertible or portable crib which would be ideal for traveling. It is best to always choose a crib from a reputable company.

Bassinet bedding:
Bassinets are suitable for the baby for the first 3 or 4 months. A perfect bassinet will have a soft cuddly mattress, a small little pillow and a blanket. A bassinet should be made of soft material with preferably the color blending with the baby’s room.

Cradle bedding:
Cradles have a lovely rocking motion which makes sure that the baby gets a sound sleep. Light colored cradles are preferred by parents because they look nice and you can notice when they get wet.

Baby blankets:
Baby blankets should be of soft material and must be non toxic. Today there are many types of blankets to choose from that will be soft, smooth, and pleasant smelling with attractive and eye pleasing colors.

Bedding for the baby could be different for a boy or a girl. They could be gender neutral as well. The color combination and the cute looking cartoons are common to both the gender.

Normally for the girls, the baby bedding is replete with shades of pink, light blue and purples. A baby girl’s bed is laid out like a princess. A baby boy’s bed is sport oriented. You could see baby bedding for boys themed around superheroes, WWE personalities or baseball stars. The colors tend to be darker and bolder for boys.

As pointed out above, it is not a hard and fast rule for the baby bedding to be in a certain set of preferences for baby boys and girls. In fact you will see a lot of neutral nursery bedding themes with regard to cartoons like Disney or Popeye characters or cute animations.

The kids are too small to understand the difference about having gender specific cartoons and animals and they are attracted to anything which pleases their eyes and make them smile. It is just that when they get a little older, little boys would feel a little awkward having his bed done in pinks and pastels.

When baby girls grow older, their beds could have blinds with the curtains hanging on rods above. This gives the bed somewhat a princess bed kind of appearance. Not that the girls would be complaining!

Bedding is one interesting avenue where there are a lot of options in store for the parent from choosing the kind and texture of sheets, the choice of colors and baby bedding patterns.

While purchasing a baby bed it is up to you if you choose a gender neutral baby bed or something which would make her feel like a princess or make him feel like a superhero.

© Copyright Randy Wilson, All Rights Reserved.

Randy is owner of http://www.planning-a-baby-shower.com where you will find further tips on baby showers at http://www.planning-a-baby-shower.com/planning-the-baby-shower.html and baby shower games at http://www.planning-a-baby-shower.com/Baby-Shower-Games.html.